hand drills
Drills are a very large family of power tools, the main purpose of which
is to make holes in machinable materials: wood, steel, aluminum,
plastics, etc., as well as in building materials (brittle). Due to
having the hammer drilling function (mechanical impact), a distinction
is made between hammer drills and non-percussion drills. Due to design
reasons, there are also angle drills equipped with an angular gear and
designed to work in hard-to-reach places. These machines are also
divided due to the shape of their body, into pistol casing, "D" and
"L" type, cross and angular.
Construction of drills
Drilling machines consist of the following basic components: electric
motor, cooling fan, gear (currently max. 2 gears) or angle gear (only
angle drills), mechanical impact mechanism (only impact drills), switch
for hammer and impact drilling functions ( only hammer drills),
self-centering drill chuck in key or quick-clamping (keyless) versions,
switch and electronic control systems (including speed regulation and
stabilization), power cord, housing (1- or 2-part) with main and
removable handle additional handle. In high-power models, anti-overload
clutches are installed to increase work safety.
Accessories for drills
For drilling, twist drills (bits), twist, flat, stepped and percussive
drills are used for drilling, countersinks, reamers, center and sedniks,
hole saws, diamond bits, crowns with carbide teeth. For assembly - bits
and sockets as well as adapter adapters. Drilling machines are also used
to make small internal threads (usually up to M8) in steel and
non-ferrous metals using taps mounted in special holders that protect
them against breaking. In addition, very often these machines are used
for mixing by means of mixers with hexagonal handles. Occasionally they
are also used for grinding with flap wheels or points, abrasive papers
and cloths. These power tools are often used to drive technical brushes
during rust removal and cleaning of metal surfaces. Drilling machines
can even mill hard alloy milling arbors adapted to work with a speed of
approx. 4000 min-1. Important additional accessories for drills are
drilling dust extraction systems or attachments with a vacuum cleaner
stub, as well as drill stands intended for stationary drilling, enabling
accurate drilling of larger diameters in wood, steel, aluminum,
non-ferrous metals, cast iron, etc.
Main technical parameters of drills
The main technical parameters of corded drills are: nominal power (max.
1300 W), useful power (730 W), supply voltage (230 V / 50 Hz), torque
(maximum 101 Nm), rotational speed (max. 4000 min -1), impact frequency
(58,900 min-1, only for hammer drills), maximum drilling diameter in
steel (16 mm), maximum drilling diameter in wood (45 mm), maximum
drilling diameter in masonry (24 mm), diameter range mounting in the
drill chuck (up to 16 mm, usually up to 13 mm), diameter of the mounting
neck (43 mm), weight of the device (2.6 kg).
Applications of drills
Drilling machines have the following fields of application, listed below
according to their degree of importance: hand-held drilling with solid
bits or hole saws in machinable materials such as wood, steel, aluminum,
non-ferrous metals, cast iron, etc .; hand-held drilling with hammer
drill bits with cylindrical handle in stone, brick, masonry, light
concrete; stationary drilling (very accurate using a drill stand) with
solid drills or holesaws in machinable materials, such as wood, steel,
aluminum, non-ferrous metals, cast iron, etc .; reaming and
countersinking of holes; driving in / out screws, bolts, nuts;
threading; mixing paints and mortars. Occasional applications nowadays
include grinding, polishing, brushing with technical brushes, milling
and driving attachments and other devices.
Manufacturers and advantages of drills
Today, drills are manufactured by AEG, Bosch, DeWALT, Fein, HiKOKI,
Makita, Milwaukee and Metabo. The advantages of these power tools are
handy, high accuracy and efficiency, as well as the possibility of
stationary drilling with the use of a stand.